摘要:
该书分为九大部分,每部分包括三到五章,共三十四章。这九部分的主题如下:
第一部分是效度与效度验证,这是语言测试研究的核心议题。本部分的三个章节回顾了效度概念的变迁、基于证据的效度验证模式等。
第二部分是课堂评估和反拨效应。本部分讨论了课堂评估的理论基础(社会文化理论和建构主义理论),评述了反拨效应的研究现状,并对动态评估理论、基于课堂的诊断性评价进行了探讨。
第三部分是语言测试的社会使用。本部分从历史的角度探讨了语言测试的社会维度,包括服务移民、入籍等,并重点分析了测试使用对个人、机构产生的影响。
第四部分是语言测试规范。本部分以TOEFL iBT等考试为例,强调了语言测试规范的重要性,它是开发试题的模具(mould)。
第五部分是题项与任务的设计。本部分回顾了试题编写的不同方法、任务对比等,尤其是写作任务。
第六部分主题是原型题实验(prototyping)和现场实验。本部分认为,原型题实验是大规模前测或试测前的必要阶段,能解决新题型开发中的诸多问题。本部分以学术写作测试为例,讨论了试测和现场实验的过程。
第七部分是测试理论与实践。本部分回顾了经典测试理论、项目反应理论、概化理论的基本概念和观点。
第八部分是施测与培训,包括如何控制误差,以及评分员培训、作文自动评分中的重要议题。
第九部分是道德与语言政策,尤其是公正(fairness)的概念、欧洲语言能力等级共同量表的优缺点等。
Editorial. Glenn Fulcher and Fred Davidson.
Section 1: Validity. 1.Conceptions of Validity. Carol A. Chapelle. 2. Articulating a Validity Argument. Michael Kane. 3. Validity Issues in Designing Accommodations for English LanguageL. Jamal Abedi.
Section 2: Classroom Assessment and Washback. 4. Classroom Assessment. Carolyn Turner.5.Washback. Dianne Wall. 6: Assessing Young Learners. Angela Hasselgreen. 7.Dynamic Assessment. Marta Anton. 8. Diagnostic Assessment in Language Classrooms. Eunice Jang.
Section 3: The Social Uses of Language Testing. 9. Designing Language Tests for Specific Social Uses. Carol Moder and Gene Halleck. 10. Language Assessment for Communication Disorders. John Oller. 11.Language Testing for Immigration, Citizenship and Asylum. Antony Kunnan. 12. Social Dimensions of Language Testing. Richard Young.
Section 4: Test Specifications. 13. Test Specifications and Criterion Referenced Assessment. Fred Davidson. 14.Evidence-centred Design in Language Testing. Robert Mislevyand Chengbin Yin. 15. Claims, Evidence and Inference in Performance Assessment. Steve Ross.
Section 5: Writing Items and Tasks. 16. Item Writing and Writers. Dong-Il Shin. 17. Writing Integrated items. Lia Plakans. 18. Test Taking Strategies and Task Design. Andrew Cohen.
Section 6: Prototyping and Field Tests. 19. Prototyping New Item Types. Susan Nissan and Mary Schedl. 20. Pre-operational Testing. Dorry Kenyon and David MacGregor. 21.Piloting Vocabulary Tests. John Read.
Section 7: Measurement Theory and Practice. 22. Classical Test Theory. J. D. Brown. 23. Item Response Theory. Gary Ockey. 24. Reliability and Dependability. Neil Jones. 25. The Generalisability of Scores from Language Tests. Rob Schoonen. 26. Scoring Performance Tests. Glenn Fulcher.
Section 8: Administration and Training. 27. Quality Management in Test Production and Administration. Nick Saville. 28. Interlocutor and Rater Training. Annie Brown. 29. Technology in Language Testing. Yasuyo Sawaki. 30. Validity and the Automated Scoring of Performance Tests. Xiaoming Xi.
Section 9: Ethics and Language Policy. 31. Ethics. Alan Davies. 32.Fairness. Scott Walters. 33. Standards-Based Testing. Thom Hudson. 34. Language Testing and Language Management. Bernard Spolsky.