Lee, C. H., & Kalyuga, S. (2011). Effectiveness of different pinyin presentation formats in learning Chinese characters: A cognitive load perspective. Language Learning, 61, 1099-1118.
摘要：This article reports the results of an experiment designed to investigate the effectiveness of pinyin (a phonic transcription system) in learning vocabulary of Chinese as a second language from the perspective of cognitive load theory. In the reported experiment, the learning effects of the vertical and horizontal layouts of characters, pinyin, and English translations were compared. Results indicated a significant advantage of the vertical format that was attributed to the elimination of split attention. It is suggested that the commonly used horizontal layout format for presenting pinyin may impose high levels of cognitive load and hinder the learning of characters at the beginner level.
关键词：applied linguistics, non-native language learning languages other than English, orthography, writing systems, orthography, writing systems, Cognitive Load, Ideographs, Chinese, Second Language Learning, Writing Systems
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