iReasearch学术科研网

摘要：语言是由千百个高级、中级和低级义场构成的语义网络。上下义关系是义场内的重要关系之一;英汉语上下义关系词的对比研究对建立英汉两种语言之间的词汇语义对应网络具有重要意义。本文通过语言研究的三种常用方法证明英汉语词汇的对应空位主要存在于低级义场上;而在中高级义场上具有高度的对应性。因此;英汉词汇语义对应网络的建立应该从中高级义场开始;由简而繁;逐步建立完整的网络体系。上义词空缺会给翻译带来困难;但英汉语言间的交际并没有因此而受到实质性的影响。基于语料库的研究表明;上义词空缺可以通过使用率高的下义词而得到补偿。研究上义词空缺及其在语言交际中的应对和处理方法是对比研究的重点。另外;文章还比较了语言研究的三种常用方法;突出展示了语料库方法的优越性;指出将基于经验主义的语料库方法和基于理性主义的内省方法相结合是更为科学合理的研究方法。

The lexicon of a language is composed of thousands of semantic fields which can be roughly divided into three levels: high,medium and lower.Hyponymy is one of the chief relations of semantic fields.A contrastive study of Chinese and English hyponymy Lays the groundwork for the construction of lexical semantic networks between the two languages.Researches have found that nil equivalents,which usually constitute serious impediments to translation or cross-language communications,exist mostly at the lower level of semantic fields.Corpus data shows that nil equivalents can be filled by relative subordinates,which can in some way clear the obstacles arising from nil equivalents.The author argues that contrastive studies should begin with the high and medium levels.As for the lower level,focus should be on nil equivalents and the way they are filled in actual language use.Finally,the article discusses the advantages of corpus method and concludes that it is more effective to integrate intuition with corpus-based method in language research.