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在同步时间关系中，人类语言对时间词的编码存在以下共性: ( 1) 相对时间词的标志通常编码为零形式。( 2) 绝对时间词共用标志时遵循语义地图邻接性要求。“年”和“月”的时间标志倾向于编码为同一标志。( 3) “年”的时间标志为零形式连续蕴含“月”的时间标志、“日”的时间标志为零形式。零形式标志以相对时间词为核心向绝对时间词扩展。

In synchronous time relationship，human languages share some characteristics in encoding time markers: ( 1) Time words of relative time tend to have zero marker; ( 2) Markers of absolute time on the conceptual hierarchyshould abide by the adjacency principle．“Year”and“month”tend to share the same marker; ( 3) If“year”is encoded with zero marker，“month”and“day”will consequently be encoded similarly． Zero marker is used in the extension from the core of relative time to absolute time．