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摘要：本文通过跨语言调查;考察各语言存在句中存在意义的表达手段。存在句可分析为三个功能成分:存在物、方位成分和存在过程。存在句的经验意义主要由方位成分和存在过程来实现。方位成分通过带介词或表示方位意义的格形式表示存在意义;存在过程的存在意义主要由表示"有"、"存在"、"位于"等意义的动词词组实现。这些手段除用来表示存在意义外;还可用来表示方位意义。存在小句和方位小句表达的经验意义相同;存在物的有定性以及话语视角决定对二者的选择。在形态句法层面;各语言通过语序、过程以及冠词的使用来区分这两类小句。

The present article is a cross-linguistic study on the Existential Clause(EC).It investigates how the existential meaning is expressed and distributed in the three functional elements of the clause,i.e.the Existent,the Locative Element,and the Process.The experiential load of the EC mainly falls on the Process and/or the Locative Element.The former expresses this meaning through prepositions and/or locative cases,while the latter expresses this meaning via such verbs as "have","exist",and "be located at".Such means are also employed to express locative meaning.The EC and the locative clause share the same experiential meaning,though the definiteness of the Existent and the perspectives of the discourse are different.Such differences may find expression in word order,in the choice of the Process,and in the(non)-use of articles.Thus the functional and semantic features make a difference in the morpho-syntax of the clause.