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摘要：语用化过程产生具有特定语用功能的预制语块;即语用标记语(pragmatic markers;PM);从而形成语言系统中与分析子系统互相区别又互相补充的整体子系统。本文接受Aijmer(1996)关于语用化的观点;进一步论证语用化是一种不同于语法化的规约化过程。研究发现语用化遵循两种因素和两种力量对立统一、自然选择、单向循环、连续渐变以及独立和依附两种方式分工合作等基本规律。本文以系统辩证的观点讨论PM所展示的动态特性:固定性与可变性、整体性与复合性、简单性与特异性。

Pragmaticalization conventionalizes conversational implicatures and fossilizes them in linguistic expressions producing pragmatic markers(PM) with specific pragmatic functions,and as a result forms the holistic subsystem that is opposite and complementary to the analytic subsystem within the language system.Following Aijmer’s(1996) views on pragmaticalization,this paper makes further arguments for considering pragmaticalization as a separate type of conventionalization differing essentially from grammaticalization,and demonstrating unity of opposites,natural selection,unidirectional circulation,continual-gradual change and division of independent and appendant functions.The paper gives a systems-dialectic analysis of PM’s dynamic characteristics consisting in fixedness vs variability,holisticality vs compositionality,and simplicity vs peculiarity.