iReasearch学术科研网

摘要：英语被动态的历时发展与HAVE的助动词化具有密切关联;have+past participle把be+past participle所表达的多重意义分离出来;成为专门表被动的方式;英语的动性被动表示法由此在历时发展中得以加强;紧随HAVE之后的be+past participle重新分析为表被动的动性组合。汉语的被动表示法所遵循的是完全不同的历时发展路径;没有类似于HAVE的助动词化参与主动和被动义的表达;也没有系词BE的参与;只有虚词之间的更替;双音构词法、体标记和补语系统的完善促进了意念被动式的发展。英汉被动表示法的不同发展历程导致了英汉不同的语序类型特征;即英语的语序类型特征较汉语为少。

The auxiliarization of HAVE had a deep impact on the diachronic change of the English passive.The have+past participle pattern separated the active meaning from the triple meanings embodied in the be +past participle pattern,bringing about the splitting of the active and the passive expressions,leaving the be + past participle pattern evolving into a passive expression and enhancing the frequency of verbal passives.The sequence of be + past participle following HAVE was thus reanalyzed as a verbal passive string.However,the passive expression in Chinese undertook a totally different route in that there were no such have-type function words that were auxiliarized to partition off the passive from the active,and no such be-type copulars participating in the diachronic change of the Chinese passive,but the di-syllabic word formation,the maturation of the aspectual system and the verbal complement system further developed notional passives.The above-mentioned different paths of the diachronic changes of the passives in English and Chinese gave rise to different word order variants in that English now has fewer word order variants than Chinese.