- 何自然、陈新仁,2004,《当代语用学》[M]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
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摘要:本书系统地介绍了言语交际的理论模式、言语行为理论、语言使用中的指示现象、前提、模糊限制语以及话语标记语的语用特征及交际功能,探讨了儿童母语语用发展、成人外语语用习得及跨文化交际中的语用问题,并介绍了语用学理论在翻译理论构建中的作用及其对外语教学思想的深刻影响。
- 姜望琪,2000,《语用学——理论与应用》[M]。北京:北京大学出版社。
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摘要:《语用学:理论及应用》阐述了语用学研究的各个方面,重点介绍会话含义、八九十年代提出的关联理论、新格赖斯原则。全书用英文撰写。
- 陈新仁,2009,《新编语用学教程》[M]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
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摘要:“高等学校英语专业系列教材”是一套为英语专业高年级本科生和研究生编写的教材,包括高级英语语言技能、英语专业知识和相关专业知识三个方面。本系列教材为开放式,涵盖面广,设计科学,注重时代性、知识性与实用性,有助于学习者在掌握英语技能的蕞础上进一步扩充知识领域,培养应用能力。提高综合素养。
- 何自然、冉永平,2006,《语用学概论》(第二版)[M]。湖南:湖南教育出版社。
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摘要:在传统的语言学研究中,由于受数学与逻辑学的影响,人们往往只强调语言的形式分析,以发语言内部的一些抽象规则为目的。于是,他们将那些涉及语言使用而无法作形式化分析的、看似不符常理、甚或令人恼火的语言现象一概不予理会,统统放进“废物袋”。曾几何时,昔日放进这个“废物袋”里的东西如今却成了语用学研究的主要内容。
语言学的语用学有着深厚的哲学渊源。语言哲学的研究目的是为了揭示语言的普遍性特征。凡有益于语用学这门学科的发展、引进来能为我所用的语用来研究我们自己的语用现象,可以避免不必要的理论重复;同时还可以使我们的语用研究与国际同步。当然,语用学研究不仅要引进国外先进的理论和方法,更重要的是有自己的创新,这就需要我们共同努力。我们应大力提倡占有第一手材料,要充分运用我们丰富的汉语资源去研究具有中国特色的语用现象。这正是我们在推出《语用学概论》(修订本)的同时,对广大读者所寄予的厚望。
- Ariel, M. (2008). Pragmatics and grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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摘要:When using language, many aspects of our messages are left implicit in what we say. While grammar is responsible for what we express explicitly, pragmatics explains how we infer additional meanings. The problem is that it is not always a trivial matter to decide which of the meanings conveyed is explicit (grammatical) and which implicit (pragmatic). Pragmatics and Grammar, first published in 2008, lays out a methodology for students and scholars to distinguish between the two. It explains how and why grammar and pragmatics combine together in natural discourse, and how pragmatic uses become grammatical in time.
- Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1996). Relevance: Cognition and communication (2nd Ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
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摘要:Relevance, first published in 1986, was named as one of the most important and influential books of the decade in the Times Higher Educational Supplement. This revised edition includes a new Preface outlining developments in Relevance Theory since 1986, discussing the more serious criticisms of the theory, and envisaging possible revisions or extensions.
The book sets out to lay the foundation for a unified theory of cognitive science. The authors argue than human cognition has a goal: we pay attention only to information which seems to us relevant. To communicate is to claim someone's attention, and hence to imply that the information communicated is relevant. Thus, a single property - relevance is seen as the key to human communication and cognition.
A second important feature of the book is its approach to the study of reasoning. It elucidates the role of background or contextual information in spontaneous inference, and shows that non-demonstrative inference processes can be fruitfully analysed as a form of suitably constrained guesswork. It directly challenges recent claims that human central thought processes are likely to remain a mystery for some time to come.
Thirdly, the authors offer new insight into language and literature, radically revising current view on the nature and goals of verbal comprehension, and in particular on metaphor, irony, style, speech acts, presupposition and implicature.
- Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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摘要:This study is about the principles for constructing polite speeches. The core of it first appeared in Questions and Politeness, edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a fresh introduction that surveys the considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the social sciences that the original extended essay stimulated, and suggests distinct directions for research. The authors describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures. Underneath the apparent diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human principles of social interaction, and the model of politeness provides a tool for analysing the quality of social relations in any society. This volume will be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social psychology of interaction.
- Verschueren, J. (1998). Understanding pragmatics. London: Routledge.
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摘要:What do people do when using language? How exactly is meaning generated when we communicate? And why do we say one thing when we usually mean another?
Examining the mental and social processes involved in communication through language, Understanding Pragmatics is a comprehensive introduction to the subject. This book provides an outline of the theoretical basis of pragmatics, examines its major theoretical perspectives and explores its methodological issues. Looking at pragmatics in its broadest sense, it covers the whole range of social, cultural and cognitive aspects in constructing meaning through language use. Assuming no background in pragmatics, the text provides helpful chapter-by-chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading and research topics for further study.
- Leech, G. (1989). Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.
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摘要:Over the years, pragmatics - the study of the use and meaning of utterances to their situations - has become a more and more important branch of linguistics, as the inadequacies of a purely formalist, abstract approach to the study of language have become more evident. This book presents a rhetorical model of pragmatics: that is, a model which studies linguistic communication in terms of communicative goals and principles of 'good communicative behaviour'. In this respect, Geoffrey Leech argues for a rapprochement between linguistics and the traditional discipline of rhetoric. He does not reject the Chomskvan revolution of linguistics, but rather maintains that the language system in the abstract - i.e. the 'grammar' broadly in Chomsky's sense - must be studied in relation to a fully developed theory of language use. There is therefore a division of labour between grammar and rhetoric, or (in the study of meaning) between semantics and pragmatics. The book's main focus is thus on the development of a model of pragmatics within an overall functional model of language. In this it builds on the speech avct theory of Austin and Searle, and the theory of conversational implicature of Grice, but at the same time enlarges pragmatics to include politeness, irony, phatic communion, and other social principles of linguistic behaviour.
- Mey, J. L. (2001). Pragmatics: An introduction (2nd Ed.). Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell.
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摘要:This is a succinct introduction to the rapidly developing field of pragmatics - the study of language from the point of view of its users, of the choices they make, the constraints they encounter in using language in social interaction, and the effects their use of language has on other participants in communication.
- Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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摘要:Those aspects of language use that are crucial to an understanding of language as a system, and especially to an understanding of meaning, are the acknowledged concern of linguistic pragmatics. Yet until now much of the work in this field has not been easily accessible to the student, and was often written at an intimidating level of technicality. In this textbook, however, Dr Levinson has provided a lucid and integrative analysis of the central topics in pragmatics - deixis, implicature, presupposition, speech acts, and conversational structure. A central concern of the book is the relation between pragmatics and semantics, and Dr Levinson shows clearly how a pragmatic approach can resolve some of the problems semantics have been confronting and simplifying semantic analyses. The complexity of these issues is not disguised, but the exposition is always clear and supported by helpful exemplification. The detailed analyses of selected topics give the student a clear view of the empirical rigour demanded by the study of linguistic pragmatics, but Dr Levinson never loses sight of the rich diversity of the subject. An introduction and conclusion relate pragmatics to other fields in linguistics and other disciplines concerned with language usage - psychology, philosophy, anthropology and literature. Many students in these disciplines, as well as students of linguistics, will find this a valuable textbook.
- Grundy, P. (2008). Doing pragmatics (3rd Ed.). London: Hodder Education.
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摘要:Doing Pragmatics achieved success through its unparalleled capacity to render pragmatics truly accessible to students. Embracing the comprehensive and engaging style which characterised the previous editions, the third edition is fully revised and expanded. Grundy consolidates the strengths of the original version, reinforcing its unique combination of theory and practice with new theory, exercises and up-to-date, real data and examples. New chapters include pragmatic inference and language evolution, and intercultural pragmatics. Doing Pragmatics is designed for pragmatics courses both at an introductory and a more advanced level. It extends beyond theory to promote an applied understanding of empirical data and to provide students with the opportunity to 'do' pragmatics themselves, providing the ideal foundation for all those studying linguistics and ELT.
- Ariel, M. (2010). Defining pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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摘要:Although there is no shortage of definitions for pragmatics the received wisdom is that 'pragmatics' simply cannot be coherently defined. In this groundbreaking book Mira Ariel challenges the prominent definitions of pragmatics, as well as the widely-held assumption that specific topics - implicatures, deixis, speech acts, politeness - naturally and uniformly belong on the pragmatics turf. She reconstitutes the field, defining grammar as a set of conventional codes, and pragmatics as a set of inferences, rationally derived. The book applies this division of labor between codes and inferences to many classical pragmatic phenomena, and even to phenomena considered 'beyond pragmatics'. Surprisingly, although some of these turn out pragmatic, others actually turn out grammatical. Additional intriguing questions addressed in the book include: why is it sometimes difficult to distinguish grammar from pragmatics? Why is there no grand design behind grammar nor behind pragmatics? Are all extragrammatical phenomena pragmatic?
- Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. London: Longman.
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摘要:Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics is a comprehensive introductory text which discusses the development of pragmatics - its aims and methodology - and also introduces themes that are not generally covered in other texts. Jenny Thomas focuses on the dynamic nature of speaker meaning, considering the central roles of both speaker and hearer, and takes into account the social and psychological factors involved in the generation and interpretation of utterances. The book includes a detailed examination of the development of Pragmatics as a discipline, drawing attention to problems encountered in earlier work, and brings the reader up to date with recent discussion in the field. The book is written principally for students with no previous knowledge of pragmatics, and the basic concepts are covered in considerable detail. Theoretical and more complicated information is highlighted with examples that have been drawn from the media, fiction and real-life interaction, and makes the study more accessible to newcomers. It is an ideal introductory textbook for students of linguistics and for all who are interested in analysing problems in communication.